Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov ¹, Alim Feyzrahmanovich Kemalov ¹, Alina Grigorievna Maltseva ¹

Affiliations
1 Kazan Federal University, Kremliovskaya str, 18, 420008, Kazan, RU

Abstract

Objectives: A special place among oil bitumen is occupied by refractory bitumen - bitumen of solid marks or, as they are called, solid bitumen. Methods: They differ from the liquid bitumen with high softening point and some other physical and chemical properties, conditioned by the technological mode of production. Bitumen of solid brands find their application in various sectors of the economy both in pure form, as the basic raw material, or as a mixture with various organic products and minerals as part of the production of a number of technical materials. Results: The positive qualities of refractory bitumen and asphaltites, making them indispensable for heat and water proofing of underground channel-free heat conductors are: high softening point; thermo plasticity, which excludes the appearance of cracks; watertight; low water absorption (up to 30 times less than bitumen perlite). The possibility of obtaining high-melting grades of bitumen from high-paraffin tar in the presence of a catalytic complex by “conventional oxidation” that is the raw material purge air, and without purging air using potassium permanganate as a source of molecular oxygen. It is shown that in “conventional oxidation” (sparing of oxygen of air) in the presence of a catalyst complex it is possible to achieve a high softening temperature - over 1000C - almost four times faster than using air purging without purging catalyst. Applications: Using the catalyst of atomic oxidation of petroleum residues showed that it took about 7 hours to reach the softening temperature of almost 1300C

Keywords

Refractory Bitumen, High-Paraffin Tar, Oxidation, Catalytic Complex.

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Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov ¹, Alim Feizrakhmanovich Kemalov ¹, Alina Grigoriyevna Maltseva ¹, Van Nige ¹

Affiliations
1 Kazan Federal University, Kazan – 420008, RU

Abstract

Background: The problem of manufacturing bitumen of high quality from oil residues is quite actual problem, as under conditions of depletion of oil reserves it is needed expansion of raw materials base. Methods: The analysis of oil processing state in the world determines the necessity of complex approach to solve the problem of using heavy oils, oil residues and natural bitumen, combining the further working the known processes and generating new alternative technological processes. The prospects of new effective processes development in oil processing are possible with application of different chemical and physical phenomena (mechano-chemical, plasma-chemical, ultrasonic actions and the others). Results: Currently, in practice in Russia, for refinement of final product of highly paraffinic crudes, which is production of high-octane benzine, diesel fuels, there are used pour-point depressants and inhibits, compounding with highly paraffinic crudes, processing by secondary processes - reforming, zeoforming, isomerization, viscosity breaking and coking. Practically, all these methods have restrictions on application of processing heavy oil stock. Therefore, the main objective is searching to find alternative methods on the basis of nontraditional technological processes1. Facilities of bitumen production from goudron with paraffin carbohydrates about 15% of masses are considered2,3. It is rather problematic to obtain quality product from such raw materials. Conclusion: Therefore, the process of oxidation of goudron to bitumen is conducted in the presence of a catalytic complex, the action of which consists in reduction of paraffin carbohydrates and in reduction of process, So its presence is 2 times reducing preparation time of bitumen road marks. Also, results demonstrate that the reduction in the content of paraffinic hydrocarbons occurs by 2 times.

Keywords

Bitumen, Catalystic Complex, Goudron, Highly Paraffin Petroleum Residue.

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Alim Feyzrakhmanovich Kemalov ¹, Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov ¹, Firdavs Abusamiyevich Aliyev ¹

Affiliations
1 Kazan Federal University, Kazan - 420008, RU

Abstract

In recent years the attitude to bituminous production in Russia significantly changed. In particular, scientific and practical need for naphtha sorting especially for bituminous production is proved. It was promoted by BASHNIYA NP technological classifications of naphtha from the point of view of their suitability for road asphalts production according to which highparaffinic resinous and paraffinic low-resinous naphtha are recognized unsuitable for production of improved brands road asphalts on the existing technological schemes. Heavy asphaltic naphtha is considered to be the most suitable. The problem of the Heavy Petroleum Residue (HPR) maximal involvement in processing is very timely under conditions of oil products amplifying competition in the market on one hand, and against the increasing requirements to their quality from the point of environment protection view - on the other. Development of scientifically applied bases and the bitumen production technology, applied to road construction, should be noted. Especially it is timely in connection with the bituminous production problems which recently became aggravated sharply in Russia. Timely task for oil refineries (oil refinery) currently is ever growing involvement of high-paraffinic resinous naphtha, with application of raw materials preliminary activation express methods (acoustic exaltation, rotor hydrodynamic source of mechanical oscillations, wave influence) in production of receiving oil oxidated asphalts of improved quality.

Keywords

Bitumen, Heavy Petroleum Residue, Physics – Chemical Properties, Structure, Upgrading, Wave Activation.

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Alim Feyzrakhnamovich Kemalov ¹, Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov ¹, Dinar Zinnurovich Valiyev ¹, Vasil Ilyasovich Gaynullin ¹

Affiliations
1 Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, Kazan - 420008, RU

Abstract

According to different estimates, geological heavy oil and natural bitumens resources at the Tatarstan deposits make 1,5- 7 billion tons. On the territory of Tatarstan across all bituminous horizons about 450 deposits of natural bitumens have been found. One third of deposits of this raw materials existing in Russia fall on the share of Tatarstan. Natural bitumens are valuable material for production of fine chemicals that are used in different spheres of life activities. Natural bitumen is to a different extent oxidized high-viscosity oils of liquid, semi-liquid and hard texture with high content of sulfur, resins and asphaltenes. In contrast to oil, they are characterized by increased content of vanadium, nickel, molybdenum and significantly smaller content of gasoline and diesel fractions. Nevertheless, despite the works performed, no significant success has been achieved in production and processing of bitumens yet. This is mainly because of absence of the relevant equipment. It is necessary to accelerate development of bituminous deposits, creation of complexes with the use of high performance technologies and technical means for most complete extraction of this raw material from the earth and treatment thereof. Implementation thereof will create pre-requisites for commercial exploitation of natural bitumens deposits not only in Tatarstan but in other regions of the Russian Federation as well. To estimate the potential capability of natural bitumens and high viscosity oils it is necessary to perform detailed analysis aimed at determining the graphical charts of the true temperature curve, density, low-temperature, viscosity properties, fraction and hydrocarbon composition.

Keywords

Bitumens, Bituminous Materials, Fuels, Additives, High Viscosity Oils, Natural Bitumens, Processing, Refining, True Temperature Distillation Curve.

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Alim Feyzrahmanovich Kemalov ¹, Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov ¹, Irek Izailovich Mukhamatdinov ¹

Affiliations
1 Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, 420008, Kazan, RU

Abstract

Bitumen is a mixture of hydrocarbons and hetero-organic compounds of different structures with a complex chemical composition which conditioning its operational physico-chemical and mechanical properties. Also varying widely depending on the nature of bituminous materials and the technology of its processing. The tar of oil mixture from Romashkinsky and Kama region deposits owned by OJSC "Tatneft" was chosen as the raw material of the oxidation process. During the oxidation of heavy petroleum residues (HPR) a lot of reactions takes place simultaneously: dehydrogenation, dealkylation, oxidative polymerization, polycondensation, cracking, followed by "compaction" of its products caused by an increasing loss of hydrogen during oxidation, which in combination with the cyclization reactions leads to the formation of high molecular weight products of high aromaticity degree. Nowadays, the oxidation of heavy refinery residues by air is the main process of bitumen production in Russia. Various methods of oxidation process efficiency increase are developed, in particular, the increase of phase contact surface by improving the air supply devices, technological process optimization parameters, and the use of oxidation catalysts are known. The most promising area of oxidized bitumen production intensification and their quality improvement is the introduction to the oxidation process of various modifiers that change the dispersion state and the feedstock reactivity.

Keywords

Adjuvants, Adhesion - Strength Properties, Bitumen, Composition, Heavy Oil Residues, Intensification, Oxidation, Physical-Chemical Properties.

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Evgeny Alexandrovich Glady ¹, Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov ¹, Alim Feyzrahmanovich Kemalov ¹, Olga Mikhailovna Kornetova ¹

Affiliations
1 Kazan Federal University, 18, Kremlyovskaya str, 420008, Kazan, RU

Abstract

Background: One of the trends concerning an effective use of large-tonnage and yet scarce binder as bitumen is a considerable introduction of bitumen emulsions in water into the practice of road and civil construction. Methods: The paper presents the experimental data on the research of bituminous emulsions, the physical-chemical properties of an original BND bitumen 60/90 from Zyuzeevsky NBZ and the bitumen residue there of. Results: The resulting emulsions were highly stable and were referred to slowly structured (slowly decomposing) ones, which may be used in the preparation of cold bituminous mineral mixtures of different density used for storage, the strengthening of soils, dust removal from roads. These emulsions had a viscous consistency that may be used for solving the problem of bitumen emulsions application to an inclined surface. Bituminous residues differ by the improvement of a film binder adhesion performance with mineral material (adhesion) without the use of additional adhesion additives. Conclusion: The use of such a component, which also has an emulsifying ability and an adhesion effect, an increased resistance to delamination and coalescence of an emulsion during storage, bitumen saving and the environmental rate.

Keywords

Bitumen Residue, Bituminous Emulsions, Emulsifier, Properties, Surfactant.

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Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov ¹, Alim Feyzrahmanovich Kemalov ¹, Rashid Ildusovich Khusnutdinov ¹

Affiliations
1 Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, 420008, Kazan, RU

Abstract

Background: The main objective of study is to develop a BIM to prevent for a long time the processes of electrochemical corrosion. So, in this paper physico-chemical material provided to control at different stages of the technological process. Methods: The regulation of composite bituminous material properties are carried out in accordance with the main provisions of physicochemical mechanics. In this paper it is regulated by directional adjustment of their spatial dispersion structure andthe change of the disperse phase particle sizes. Results: In accordance with the modern concepts, oil and oil products are considered as complex polymolecular dispersion systems differing by the ratio of components that are included into supramolecular structures, solvation shells, forming "a complex structural unit" (CSU). The association of molecules, the appearance of supramolecular SSS structures takes place due to the intermolecular forces of reacting molecules. Among the most common ways of colloid - chemical dispersion of bituminous materials is the compounding technology of highly molecular compounds, such as elastomer - an atactic polypropylene (APP), stereo irrgular: [-CH2-CH (CH3)-]n. In this paper a novel approach developed for regulating the colloidal structure and adhesion-strength properties of bitumen insulating materials to achieve its optimal performance. Conclusion: Polymer bitumen have a wide range of operating temperatures up to 100 °C. With the addition of elastomers in bitumen, its viscosity increases and its elasticity improves.

Keywords

Bitumen Insulation Material, Dispersion State of Polymer Systems, Elastomer, Strength, Particle Size.

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Alim Feyzrahmanovich Kemalov ¹, Ruslan Alimovich Kemalov ¹, Irek Izailovich Mukhamatdinov ¹

Affiliations
1 Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, 420008, Kazan, RU

Abstract

One of the areas for an efficient use of large-tonnage and yet scarce binder as bitumen is a broad introduction of bitumen emulsions in water for road and civil construction. The technology of emulsified bitumen preparation, compared with traditional "hot" technologies and the introduction of petroleum solvents has a number of significant advantages. First of all, it is a power-saving technology that does not require heating of the components to high temperatures, which is directly related to the reduction of such combustion products as flue gas and solvent vapor emissions into the atmosphere. Bituminous Emulsion (BE) can be used with some wet mineral material at a reduced temperature that reduces the dependence of work production from weather conditions, thereby prolonging a construction season. The low viscosity of BE allows to distribute the binder material throughout the surface of the mineral materials, which leads to improved accuracy of dosing and the decrease of its flow rate. A high adhesiveness of BE, a layer formation rate and the ability to mechanize many processes as much as possible make Water-Bitumen Emulsions (WBE) the most technologically advanced type of an organic binding material. Petrochemicals are used during the solution of WBE production technology issues satisfying modern requirements. In this aspect, heavy resins of hydrocarbon pyrolisis which are a byproduct and need their rational use are interesting in some extent. The composition and physico-chemical properties of heavy resins of gasoline, ethane and propane-butane fractions pyrolisis produced as the multi tonnage waste at OJSC "Kazanorgsintez" (OTPS) and OJSC "Nizhnekamskneftekhim" (NTPS). Preliminary the samples were obtained at different sampling depth of light fractions by atmospheric distillation original TPS and, respectively, with different initial boiling point. Group hydrocarbon composition of the samples was determined by pulsed NMR1.

Keywords

Bitumen Emulsions, Complex Structural Units, Heavy Pyrolysis Resins, Hydrocarbon Composition, Modification, Physical - Chemical Properties.

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